Window

Function Name	Description
AVG	Computes the average of a set of values.
COUNT	Returns the total number of records for the specified expression.
COVAR_POP	Returns the population covariance for non-NULL pairs across all input values.
COVAR_SAMP	Returns the sample covariance for non-NULL pairs across all input values.
CUME_DIST	Returns the cumulative distribution of the current row with regard to other values within the same window partition.
DENSE_RANK	Returns the rank of the current row within its partition and ordering. Rows that are equal will have the same rank.
FIRST_VALUE	Returns the first value within an ordered group of a result set.
LAG	Returns the row before the current one in a partition based on the `ORDER BY` clause without the need for a self-join. If there are no rows, this function returns `NULL`.
LEAD	Returns the row after the current one in the same result set without the need for a self-join. If there are no rows, this function returns `NULL`.
MAX	Returns the maximum value among the non-NULL input expressions.
MIN	Returns the minimum value among the non-NULL input expressions.
NDV	Returns an approximate distinct value number, similar to `COUNT(DISTINCT col)`. NDV can return results faster than using the combination of COUNT and DISTINCT while using a constant amount of memory, resulting in less memory usage for columns with high cardinality.
NTILE	Equally splits the rows in each partition into ranked parts specified by the integer value and starting from 1. This function requires the `ORDER BY` clause.
PERCENT_RANK	Returns the relative rank of the current row in the partition based on the `ORDER BY` clause. The displayed percentage ranges from 0.0 to 1.0.
RANK	Returns the rank of the current row within its partition and placement order. Rows that are equal have the same rank. However, the count of tied rows is added to the next rank, instead of being incremented by one. The rank value starts at 1 and increases sequentially.
ROW_NUMBER	Returns the row number for the current row based on the ORDER BY clause within each partition.
STDDEV_POP	Returns the population standard deviation (square root of variance) of non-NULL values in a column with a numeric data type. If all records inside a group are NULL, returns NULL.
STDDEV_SAMP	Returns the sample standard deviation (square root of sample variance) of non-NULL values in a column with a numeric data type. If all records inside a group are NULL, returns NULL.
SUM	Returns the sum of non-NULL input expressions.
VAR_POP	Returns the population variance of non-NULL records.
VAR_SAMP	Returns the sample variance of non-NULL records.

Window Functions

A window function performs a calculation across a set of table rows that has some relationship to the current row. This is comparable to how an aggregate function can run a calculation. The difference is that a window function does not group rows into a single output row. With a window function, the rows retain their separate identities.

For more information about window functions, see SQL Window Functions.

Syntax

Window function queries use the OVER() clause directly following the window function name and argument. The OVER() clause may use the following optional arguments:

PARTITION BY: A subclause that groups rows into partitions. You can specify a single expression or a comma-separated list of expressions, such as PARTITION BY column1, column3, column4.
ORDER BY: A subclause that specifies the order of the rows within each partition of the result set. Required if using a cumulative or sliding window frame.
cumulativeFrame or slidingFrame: A window frame subclause that allows the function to perform a calculation across a set of rows that has some relationship to the current row. The query does not group rows into a single output row; instead, the rows retain their separate identities. Window frames may be cumulative or sliding.

Window function syntax

window_function (expression) OVER (
   [ PARTITION BY expressionlist ]
   [ ORDER BY fieldlist ]
   [ cumulativeFrame | slidingFrame ] ) 

Cumulative frame syntax

  { ROWS | RANGE } BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
| { ROWS | RANGE } BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING

Sliding frame syntax

  ROWS BETWEEN $N { PRECEDING | FOLLOWING } AND $N { PRECEDING | FOLLOWING }
| ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND $N { PRECEDING | FOLLOWING }
| ROWS BETWEEN $N { PRECEDING | FOLLOWING } AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING

Examples

The following examples use the sample table transactions and the SUM function to demonstrate window function queries with no frame, a cumulative frame, and a sliding frame. Refer to each window function's page for function-specific examples.

Sample Table transactions

product_id	branch	amount
Product1	A	30.0
Product1	B	3.0
Product3	B	45.0
Product2	A	24.0
Product2	B	10.0
Product3	A	2.0

Window function example with no frame

SELECT 
   product_id, 
   branch, 
   amount, 
   SUM(amount) OVER (PARTITION BY branch ORDER BY amount DESC) AS total_branch_amount
FROM transactions
-- product_id, branch, amount, total_branch_amount
-- Product1, A, 30.0, 30.0
-- Product2, A, 24.0, 54.0
-- Product3, A, 2.0, 56.0
-- Product3, B, 45.0, 45.0
-- Product2, B, 10.0, 55.0
-- Product1, B, 3.0, 58.0

Window function example with cumulative frame

SELECT 
   product_id, 
   branch, 
   amount, 
   SUM(amount) OVER (PARTITION BY branch ORDER BY amount DESC RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS total_branch_amount
FROM transactions
-- product_id, branch, amount, total_branch_amount
-- Product1, A, 30.0, 56.0
-- Product2, A, 24.0, 26.0
-- Product3, A, 2.0, 2.0
-- Product3, B, 45.0, 58.0
-- Product2, B, 10.0, 13.0
-- Product1, B, 3.0, 3.0

Window function example with sliding frame

SELECT 
   product_id, 
   branch, 
   amount, 
   SUM(amount) OVER (PARTITION BY branch ORDER BY amount DESC ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 2 FOLLOWING) AS total_branch_amount
FROM transactions
-- product_id, branch, amount, total_branch_amount
-- Product1, A, 30.0, 56.0
-- Product2, A, 24.0, 56.0
-- Product3, A, 2.0, 26.0
-- Product3, B, 45.0, 58.0
-- Product2, B, 10.0, 58.0
-- Product1, B, 3.0, 13.0

Window Functions​

Syntax​

Examples​

Window Functions

Syntax

Examples